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reference voltage
reference voltage
usually, a very precise and stable voltage derived from a zener diode with a breakdown voltage between 5 to 6 V. In this range, the temperature coefficient of the zener diode is approximately zero, which means its zener voltage is stable over a large temperature range.
relaxation oscillator A circuit that creates or generates an ac output signal without an ac input signal. This type of oscillator depends on the charging and discharging of a capacitor through a resistor.
resonant frequency The frequency of a lead-lag circuit or the frequency of an LC tank circuit where the voltage gain and phase shift are suitable for oscillations. reverse-bias Applying an external voltage across a diode to aid the barrier potential. The result is almost zero
current. The only exception of when you can exceed the breakdown voltage. If the reverse voltage is large enough, it can produce breakdown through either avalanche or the zena effect.
reverse saturation current The same as the minoritycarrier current in a diode. This current exists in the reverse direction.
right brain The right half of the human brain. It contains a visual and nonverbal processing unit unlike any computer currently in existence. It solves problems simultaneously rather than sequentially. It ignores all rules and creates all possibilities, both good and bad, useful and useless, etc. It works best when you suspend judgment and allow the mind to go where it will. It is characterized by these adjectives: intuitive, artistic, emotional, timeless, subconscious, creative, playful, metaphorical, etc.
ripple With a capacitor input filter, this is the fluctuation in load voltage caused by the charging and discharging of the capacitor.
ripple rejection Used with voltage regulators. It revs you how well the voltage regulator rejects or attenuates the input ripple. Data sheets usually list it decibels, where each 20 dB represents a factor-of-10 decrease in ripple.
errs value Used with time-varying signals. Also known as the effective value and the heating value. This is the equivalent value of a do source that would produce the same amount of heat or power over one complete cycle of the time-varying signal.
safety factor The leeway between the actual operating current, voltage, ere. and the maximum rating specified on a data sheet.
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